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9, 10 Like most chronic pain conditions, MPS patients are likely under treated. 1, 8 Specifically, studies found that 63.5%-90% of patients with low back pain suffered from MPS. Approximately 30% - 93% of patients with widespread pain also present with MTrPs. It is estimated that 30% of patients visiting primary care clinics and 85% visiting pain clinics suffer from MPS. Therefore, the prevalence rate of MPS is unclear. Lack of clinician training and skill, inconsistent diagnosis criteria and terminology, and subjectivity of diagnosing may result in ignoring patient symptoms and misdiagnosis 5, 6, 7 In addition, patients may not feel that it is necessary or important to report symptoms due to the chronic nature of the pain. 4ĭiagnosis of MPS currently depends on physical examination and patient’s self-report of pain. 3 This stems from the observation that myofascial pain is referred pain and hence, central sensitization may have a role to play in that process. 2, 3 Alternative theories postulated that psychological factors, such as stress, are major elements contributing to the activation and maintenance of MTrPs and play a significant role in the intensity of the perception of pain. 1 It has been hypothesized that mechanical factors, such as poor posture, abnormal gait and prior injury, result in muscle overload and eventually lead to muscle contraction and formation of MTrPs and pain reaction. Latent MTrPs may produce local or referred pain after palpation and demonstrate myofascial dysfunction. Patients with active MTrPs typically present with spontaneous and recognizable pain. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a regional pain disorder that causes small nodules of tight tissue called myofascial trigger points (MTrPs).
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